adminDIR. OF WELFARE MKTG DEP. (DOWEL)
Chapter 1: Language – An Overview
- Which property of language allows humans to discuss abstract or absent concepts?
A) Arbitrariness
B) Displacement
C) Duality
D) Productivity
Answer: B) Displacement - Language is primarily transmitted through:
A) Genetic inheritance
B) Cultural transmission
C) Instinct
D) Written symbols
Answer: B) Cultural transmission - What term describes the infinite combination of words in human language?
A) Discreteness
B) Productivity
C) Displacement
D) Arbitrariness
Answer: B) Productivity - Which form of language uses visual-manual symbols for communication?
A) Written language
B) Oral language
C) Sign language
D) Pidgin
Answer: C) Sign language - The statement “Language is rule-governed” refers to:
A) Universal grammar
B) Social conventions
C) Phonetic patterns
D) Syntax and morphology
Answer: D) Syntax and morphology - Which is a challenge of colloquialisms in language learning?
A) Overuse in formal writing
B) Lack of standardized dictionaries
C) Difficulty in pronunciation
D) Limited vocabulary
Answer: B) Lack of standardized dictionaries - The function of language used to control behavior (e.g., commands) is:
A) Expressive
B) Regulatory
C) Heuristic
D) Imaginative
Answer: B) Regulatory - Language acquisition differs from learning because it is:
A) Taught in classrooms
B) Subconscious
C) Focused on grammar rules
D) Limited to adults
Answer: B) Subconscious - Which strategy helps improve English pronunciation?
A) Memorizing idioms
B) Learning phonemic script
C) Avoiding slang
D) Reading silently
Answer: B) Learning phonemic script - An example of “arbitrariness” in language is:
A) The word “dog” meaning a canine
B) The sound “meow” representing a cat
C) The word “crash” sounding like its meaning
D) The word “tree” having no natural link to plants
Answer: D) The word “tree” having no natural link to plants
Chapter 2: English Language in Nigeria
- English was introduced to Nigeria primarily through:
A) Colonial administration
B) Trade and missionaries
C) Indigenous education
D) Literary movements
Answer: B) Trade and missionaries - The 1882 Education Ordinance prioritized English as:
A) An optional subject
B) A medium of instruction
C) A compulsory subject
D) A foreign language
Answer: C) A compulsory subject - A person fluent in Hausa and English is:
A) Monolingual
B) Bilingual
C) Multilingual
D) Polyglot
Answer: B) Bilingual - English as a Lingua Franca in Nigeria is used for:
A) Legal documents only
B) Inter-ethnic communication
C) Religious ceremonies
D) Traditional storytelling
Answer: B) Inter-ethnic communication - Which is a negative impact of English in Nigeria?
A) Economic growth
B) Erosion of indigenous languages
C) Improved education
D) Global connectivity
Answer: B) Erosion of indigenous languages - Nigerian English differs from British English in:
A) Spelling only
B) Vocabulary and syntax
C) Pronunciation only
D) Alphabet usage
Answer: B) Vocabulary and syntax - “I am hearing you” (instead of “I can hear you”) demonstrates:
A) Phonological interference
B) Lexical interference
C) Syntactic interference
D) Semantic interference
Answer: C) Syntactic interference - A major challenge for ESL learners in Nigeria is:
A) Lack of internet access
B) Overuse of indigenous languages
C) Lack of qualified teachers
D) Limited exposure to media
Answer: C) Lack of qualified teachers - The term “mother tongue” refers to:
A) The most prestigious language
B) The first language acquired at home
C) The official language of a country
D) A foreign language learned in school
Answer: B) The first language acquired at home - Nigerian Pidgin English developed primarily for:
A) Literary expression
B) Trade communication
C) Religious sermons
D) Government administration
Answer: B) Trade communication
Chapter 3: English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
- ESP focuses on:
A) General grammar rules
B) Learner’s professional needs
C) Historical linguistics
D) Literary analysis
Answer: B) Learner’s professional needs - ESP emerged due to:
A) The need for technical English post-WWII
B) The popularity of British literature
C) Government language policies
D) The rise of social media
Answer: A) The need for technical English post-WWII - General English (GE) differs from ESP in that GE emphasizes:
A) Job-specific vocabulary
B) Broad communication skills
C) Legal terminology
D) Medical jargon
Answer: B) Broad communication skills - The phrase “The plaintiff files a motion” belongs to:
A) Medical register
B) Legal register
C) Advertising register
D) Scientific register
Answer: B) Legal register - Which feature typifies medical register?
A) Latin terms (e.g., “in vitro”)
B) Slang expressions
C) Poetic metaphors
D) Colloquial abbreviations
Answer: A) Latin terms (e.g., “in vitro”)
Chapter 4: New Englishes
- New Englishes develop due to:
A) Strict adherence to British English
B) Local adaptation and cultural context
C) Government mandates
D) Decline in bilingualism
Answer: B) Local adaptation and cultural context - Kachru’s “Outer Circle” includes countries like:
A) USA and UK
B) Nigeria and India
C) China and Japan
D) France and Germany
Answer: B) Nigeria and India - “Flavor” (AmE) vs. “Flavour” (BrE) reflects differences in:
A) Pronunciation
B) Spelling
C) Grammar
D) Vocabulary
Answer: B) Spelling - In Nigerian English, “He is on seat” means:
A) He is sitting down
B) He is available in the office
C) He is traveling
D) He is unemployed
Answer: B) He is available in the office - Which is a phonological feature of Nigerian English?
A) Use of tonal patterns
B) Vowel reduction (e.g., /æ/ vs. /a/)
C) Avoidance of diphthongs
D) Silent letters
Answer: B) Vowel reduction (e.g., /æ/ vs. /a/)
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