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Humanities Section 3 human existence – Chapter 9 to 12 – Questions, Answers, Summaries and Key Notes
Chapter 9: Human Existence – Faith, Reason, and Freedom – 20 Questions 1. On the existentialist view, human existence refers to the nature of existence that is:A. Common to all animalsB. Peculiar to humansC. Only physicalD. Only spiritualAnswer: B 2. According to the chapter, which of the following is a measure designed to improve human life and safety?A. WealthB. FaithC. FameD. PowerAnswer: B 3. Religion builds social solidarity through:A. Individual meditationB. Sharing of common belief and communal worshipC. Economic transactionsD. Political campaignsAnswer: B 4. Who opposed the faith of the Middle Ages in his work Age of Reason?A. HegelB. Thomas PaineC. KantD. DescartesAnswer: B 5. Thomas Paine encouraged which alternative to traditional Christianity?A. AtheismB. DeismC. PantheismD. AgnosticismAnswer: B 6. Who championed the absolute power of human reason?A. Thomas PaineB. AugustineC. HegelD. KierkegaardAnswer: C 7. Rationalism is the epistemological view that considers which as the most important source of knowledge?A. EmotionB. ReligionC. ReasonD. TraditionAnswer: C 8. Rationalism is described as a priori, meaning that knowledge is gained:A. Through experience aloneB. Without experience through the use of reasonC. Through divine revelationD. Through intuition onlyAnswer: B 9. According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, reason is the ability of a healthy mind to:A. Feel emotions deeplyB. Think and make judgments based on practical factsC. Memorize informationD. Obey authorityAnswer: B 10. Hegel believed that reason could penetrate into the depth of reality and unfold its:A. Hidden emotionsB. Inner structureC. Physical componentsD. Historical accidentsAnswer: B 11. The chapter states that human existence is full of:A. CertaintiesB. ChallengesC. Perfect solutionsD. Eternal happinessAnswer: B 12. According to the text, religion enables human beings to cope with:A. Only physical painB. Doubts and indignation of everyday lifeC. Financial problems onlyD. Political issues onlyAnswer: B 13. In religion, after death, the spirit returns to God who:A. Annihilates itB. Reincarnates itC. Evaluates deeds and rewards accordinglyD. Forgets itAnswer: C 14. The medieval people perfectly exemplified which concept in action?A. ReasonB. FaithC. FreedomD. DoubtAnswer: B 15. Hegelianism aims at reducing reality to a more synthetic unity within the system of:A. Absolute faithB. Absolute reasonC. Absolute doubtD. Absolute freedomAnswer: B 16. Which philosopher is associated with the idea that reason could unfold the inner structure of the absolute?A. Thomas PaineB. HegelC. KantD. MarxAnswer: B 17. According to the chapter, the level of success a man achieves depends on how he understands:A. His wealthB. Himself and the onus of his existenceC. His social statusD. His political powerAnswer: B 18. Faith is described as great trust or confidence in:A. ReasonB. ScienceC. GodD. HumanityAnswer: C 19. The chapter mentions that religion explains what happens at the expiration of:A. Human reasonB. Human existenceC. Human faithD. Human freedomAnswer: B 20. According to the text, which of the following is NOT listed as a measure to improve human life?A. FaithB. ReasonC. Freedom of choiceD. Wealth accumulationAnswer: D Chapter 10: The Internet and Human Existence – 20 Questions 1. The emergence of the Internet represents one of the most transformational developments in:A. Ancient historyB. Human historyC. Geological historyD. Prehistoric timesAnswer: B 2.…
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Humanities Section 2 Logic – Chapter 5 to 8 Questions, Answers, Summaries and keynotes
Chapter 5: Syllogism – Understanding the Logic of Deductive Reasoning – 20 Questions 1. Who is credited with developing the notion of syllogism?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. DescartesAnswer: C 2. A syllogism consists of how many parts?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. FiveAnswer: B 3. Which of the following is NOT a component of a syllogism?A. Major premiseB. Minor premiseC. ConclusionD. CounterexampleAnswer: D 4. In Aristotle’s famous syllogism “All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal,” the major term is:A. SocratesB. ManC. MortalD. ThereforeAnswer: C 5. The minor premise in a syllogism provides:A. A universal statementB. A specific statement about an instance of the classC. The final inferenceD. An irrelevant distractionAnswer: B 6. The form “All A are B; All B are C; therefore, all A are C” is known as:A. FerioB. DariiC. BarbaraD. ClearentAnswer: C 7. Which syllogistic form is represented as “No A are B; All B are C; therefore, no A are C”?A. BarbaraB. ClearentC. DariiD. FerioAnswer: B 8. The conditional syllogism follows the form:A. Either A or B; not A; therefore BB. If A then B; if B then C; therefore, if A then CC. All A are B; some A are C; therefore some B are CD. No A are B; some A are C; therefore some C are not BAnswer: B 9. The disjunctive syllogism follows the form:A. If A then B; A; therefore BB. If A then B; not B; therefore not AC. Either A or B; not A; therefore BD. All A are B; not B; therefore not AAnswer: C 10. A valid syllogism is one where:A. All premises are trueB. The conclusion follows necessarily from the premisesC. The conclusion is probableD. The premises are popularAnswer: B 11. A sound syllogism requires:A. Valid structure onlyB. True premises onlyC. Valid structure and true premisesD. Popular conclusionAnswer: C 12. “All cats lay eggs; Fluffy is a cat; therefore, Fluffy lays eggs” is an example of a(n):A. Valid syllogismB. Sound syllogismC. Invalid syllogismD. Conditional syllogismAnswer: C 13. In categorical syllogism, the middle term is:A. The predicate of the conclusionB. The subject of the conclusionC. The term that appears in both premises but not in the conclusionD. The term that appears only in the conclusionAnswer: C 14. The four valid syllogistic forms identified by Aristotle include all EXCEPT:A. BarbaraB. DariiC. FerioD. BrutusAnswer: D 15. “Some cats are black” is an example of which type of categorical proposition?A. Universal affirmative (A)B. Universal negative (E)C. Particular affirmative (I)D. Particular negative (O)Answer: C 16. “No birds can swim” is an example of which type of categorical proposition?A. AB. EC. ID. OAnswer: B 17. The validity of a categorical syllogism depends on:A. The truth of the contentB. The logical form onlyC. The popularity of the premisesD. The length of the argumentAnswer: B 18. Syllogism is most effective when dealing with:A. Vague statementsB. Emotional appealsC. Categorical statements that can be classifiedD. Personal opinionsAnswer: C 19. One limitation of syllogism is:A. It is always soundB. It cannot handle conditional statementsC. It…
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Humanity section 1 summary
Chapter 1: General Introduction to Philosophy This chapter defines philosophy from multiple perspectives, ranging from reflective self-examination (Socrates) to logical clarification (Wittgenstein) and critical activity (Stroud). Philosophy is both a rational (systematic reasoning) and practical (solving human problems) activity. It is the oldest discipline and the mother of all other disciplines. The chapter briefly touches on the debate about philosophy’s origin—Greece (Milesian philosophers) vs. Africa (Egypt). Key benefits of philosophy include: identifying deception, improving critical thinking, understanding the history of thought, fostering creativity, and making the world a better place. The six major branches introduced are Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Logic, Axiology, and Aesthetics. Chapter 2: Introduction to Metaphysics Metaphysics is the study of reality—both physical and non-physical. The term comes from Meta (after) + Physika (physics), coined by Andronicus of Rhodes. Aristotle called it “First Philosophy” and said it studies Being qua Being. Major branches: Ontology (study of being/existence) and Cosmology (study of the universe). Key problems discussed include: The chapter concludes that metaphysics underpins many other fields, including mathematics and science. Chapter 3: Epistemology Epistemology is the theory of knowledge, from episteme (knowledge) + logos (study). It asks: What is knowledge? Is it possible? Can we trust our senses or reason? The chapter distinguishes three types of knowledge: Knowledge vs. Belief: Knowledge is certain, justified, and true; belief is probable and can be false. Following Plato, knowledge is traditionally defined as justified true belief (JTB) with three conditions: truth, acceptance, and justification. The chapter notes that some philosophers (e.g., John Cook Wilson) argue knowledge is indefinable. Key figures mentioned include Plato, Descartes (certainty, indubitability), and Karl Popper (essentialism). Chapter 4: Axiology (Theory of Value) Axiology, from axios (worth) + logos (study), is the philosophical study of value. It has two main branches: Ethics (moral conduct) and Aesthetics (beauty and art). Values are classified in multiple ways: The chapter emphasizes that values are hierarchical and that understanding them helps individuals and societies set priorities for a better life. KEY NOTES Chapter 1 – General Introduction to Philosophy Chapter 2 – Metaphysics Chapter 3 – Epistemology Chapter 4 – Axiology (Theory of Value) Quick Revision – Names to Remember Name Key Idea Socrates Philosophy = self-examination for just life Wittgenstein Logical clarification of thought Stroud Reflection on world affecting human life Asike First order / second order philosophy Onyewuenyi African origin of Greek philosophy Andronicus of Rhodes Coined “metaphysics” Aristotle First Philosophy; Being qua Being; four causes Sartre Existence precedes essence Aquinas Existence actualises essence Heraclitus Change = flux; cannot step twice into same river Parmenides Change is illusion; senses deceive Empedocles Four elements (earth, air, fire, water) Democritus Atomist theory Hume Causality = habit/expectation Plato Theory of Forms; knowledge = JTB Descartes Mind-body interaction (pineal gland); certainty criterion Malebranche Occasionalism Leibniz Pre-established harmony; monads Lehrer Three conditions of knowledge John Cook Wilson Knowledge is indefinable
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Humanities Section 1- Chapter 1 to 4 questions and answer
Chapter 1: General Introduction to Philosophy – 50 Questions 1. Who defined philosophy as “a reflection on very general aspects of the world, especially those aspects that impinge or involve on the lives of human beings”?A. SocratesB. WittgensteinC. StroudD. NjokuAnswer: C 2. According to Ragland & Heidt, philosophy focuses on normative claims about what?A. What we can measureB. What we ought to think or doC. What is physically realD. What is beautifulAnswer: B 3. Socrates defined philosophy as:A. Logical clarification of thoughtB. Reflective self-examination of the principles of the just and happy lifeC. Organized body of knowledgeD. Critical reflection on natureAnswer: B 4. Who said philosophy is “the logical clarification of thought”?A. PlatoB. AristotleC. WittgensteinD. AsikeAnswer: C 5. According to Njoku (2014), philosophy is a:A. Mere statement of factsB. Critical examination of views and evaluative toolC. Set of unprovable opinionsD. Collection of mythsAnswer: B 6. Asike (2017) said philosophy can be understood in two ways. Which are they?A. Theoretical and practicalB. First order and second orderC. Ancient and modernD. Eastern and WesternAnswer: B 7. As a first order activity, philosophy is:A. Only for professionalsB. The preserve of all rational beingsC. A systematic activityD. Based on experimentsAnswer: B 8. As a second order activity, philosophy is:A. Random thinkingB. The activity of professionals – systematic and organizedC. Only about ethicsD. Non-rationalAnswer: B 9. Philosophy is described as the mother of all disciplines because:A. It is the oldestB. Other disciplines grew out of itC. It is the most difficultD. It has many branchesAnswer: B 10. According to the text, philosophy as an academic discipline began when:A. Writing was inventedB. Humans started using reason to understand realityC. Religion was foundedD. Science was createdAnswer: B 11. Where do Westerners believe philosophy began?A. EgyptB. RomeC. GreeceD. PersiaAnswer: C 12. Which of these were Milesian philosophers?A. Socrates, Plato, AristotleB. Thales, Anaximander, AnaximenesC. Pythagoras, Heraclitus, ParmenidesD. Augustine, Aquinas, AnselmAnswer: B 13. Who argued that Greek philosophy originated from Africa (Egypt)?A. StroudB. NjokuC. OnyewuenyiD. AsikeAnswer: C 14. According to Onyewuenyi, early Greek philosophers like Socrates and Pythagoras:A. Never traveledB. Traveled to Egypt and were influenced by Egyptian thoughtC. Rejected Egyptian ideasD. Only studied in AthensAnswer: B 15. One reason philosophy is valuable is that it:A. Makes people richB. Helps identify deceptionC. Replaces religionD. Guarantees happinessAnswer: B 16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of philosophy?A. It helps understand the history of thoughtB. It makes people more creativeC. It guarantees a high salaryD. It helps make the world a better placeAnswer: C 17. The Hippocratic Oath, Pythagoras theorem, and Quantum theory are examples of:A. Religious doctrinesB. Great achievements from philosophersC. Political systemsD. Artistic worksAnswer: B 18. Which branch of philosophy studies the nature of being and existence?A. EpistemologyB. EthicsC. MetaphysicsD. LogicAnswer: C 19. Which branch of philosophy is the theory of knowledge?A. AestheticsB. EpistemologyC. AxiologyD. CosmologyAnswer: B 20. Ethics is concerned with:A. Correct reasoningB. BeautyC. Rightness or wrongness of actionsD. The nature of realityAnswer: C 21. Logic is the theory of:A. ValuesB. Correct reasoningC. BeingD. ArtAnswer:…
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- May 5, 2026
Peace and conflicts objective questions and answer Chapter 4 to 6
Chapter 4 – Questions (with options) 1. The structural theory of social conflict gained prominence through the works of Karl Marx and his colleagues — it posits that social conflict occurs as a result of inherent outcome of societal where power and resources are unevenly distributed among different groups. 2. The core principles of the structural theory of social conflict includes institutionalised inequalities, conflict as a driver of change, institutions reinforcing power, scarce resources, economic inequality, educational inequality, systemic racism, gender resources, and inequality among others — Karl Marx’s argument focused on the role of a ______ class structure comprising of the minority rich and the majority poor. 3. The capitalist system is premised on the existence of a powerful minority class called the ______ and an oppressed majority class called the proletariat. 4. Marx emphasizes the antagonistic relationship between the bourgeoisie and the working class or the ______, where the bourgeoisie continually exploits the labour of the working class for profits. 5. According to Marx, relationships are vital to survival, and most people will have one of two relationships with the means of production: own it (Bourgeoisie) or work for others — this is called the ______. 6. The other aspects of society, known as the superstructure, are shaped by its economic ______ any change in the infrastructure will thus lead to changes in the superstructure. 7. According to Crossman (2021), a structural conflict approach such as Marxism believes that society is in a conflict between the classes — the Bourgeoisie oppresses the Proletariat through various social institutions without their full ______. 8. Like Karl Marx, Max Weber viewed society as an arena of conflict driven by struggles for dominance, but he expanded beyond Marx by identifying multiple sources — class (economics), status (social honor/prestige), and party (______). 9. For Max Weber, class conflict does involve economic differences, but it is not the kind of revolutionary struggle that Marx described — instead, Weber saw class as one dimension of inequality, alongside status and ______. 10. The Realist Theory emerged in the 1960s as one that explains how perceived competition for scarce resources can lead to hostility between and/or among groups — when valuable resources are perceived to be in abundance, groups cooperate and exist in ______. 11. In Realist Theory, when resources are perceived to be scarce, whether they truly are or not, the groups go into competition and ______ between themselves. 12. The term realism in Realist Theory is derived from the word “real politik” or “practical” — in its strict professional sense it is called ______. 13. Realism argues that it is originally in the nature of man to act either as a group or as individuals in a way that places interest over ideologies — this explains how individuals and groups may engage in competition over real or perceived scarcity of resources such as money, political power, military protection, or social ______. 14. Classical realists such as Hans Morgenthau argue that the international system is characterized…
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Peace and Conflict GSP 102 chapter 1 to 4 OBJ questions and answers
CHAPTER 1: History, Nature & Evolution of Peace and Conflict Studies The answers are given below after all the questions, drop a comment on how you reacted to the questions. CHAPTER 2: Basic Concepts in Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution CHAPTER 3: Nature & Types of Social Conflict CHAPTER 4: Theories of Social Conflict The answers CHAPTER 1: History, Nature & Evolution of Peace and Conflict Studies 1. Peace and Conflict Studies emerged as a multidisciplinary field in the early ___A) 1920s–1930sB) 1940s–1960sC) 1960s–1970sD) 1980s–1990sAnswer: B) 1940s–1960s 2. The first formal peace studies course in higher education was offered at ___A) Harvard UniversityB) Indiana UniversityC) Swarthmore CollegeD) Aberystwyth UniversityAnswer: C) Swarthmore College 3. Who offered the first formal peace studies course?A) Johan GaltungB) William Penn HolcombC) Gladdys MuirD) Quincy WrightAnswer: B) William Penn Holcomb 4. The first undergraduate academic program in peace studies was developed by ___A) Johan GaltungB) John BurtonC) Gladdys MuirD) Adam CurleAnswer: C) Gladdys Muir 5. The Peace of Westphalia was signed in ___A) 1619B) 1638C) 1648D) 1658Answer: C) 1648 6. Which of the following was NOT one of the treaties signed at the Peace of Westphalia?A) Treaty of MünsterB) Treaty of OsnabrückC) Treaty of VersaillesD) Both A and B were signedAnswer: C) Treaty of Versailles 7. Johan Galtung founded which peace research institution?A) UN Peace InstituteB) Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)C) Stockholm Peace InstituteD) Geneva Peace FoundationAnswer: B) Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) 8. Which scholar introduced the concept of “structural violence”?A) John BurtonB) Kenneth BouldingC) Johan GaltungD) Adam CurleAnswer: C) Johan Galtung 9. Lewis Fry Richardson is known for his ___A) Human Needs TheoryB) Mathematical and statistical study of warC) Track Two DiplomacyD) Feminist peace researchAnswer: B) Mathematical and statistical study of war 10. Quincy Wright’s seminal work A Study of War was published in ___A) 1939B) 1940C) 1942D) 1945Answer: C) 1942 11. The concept of the “third side” in conflict resolution was introduced by ___A) Kenneth BouldingB) Adam CurleC) John BurtonD) Lewis Fry RichardsonAnswer: B) Adam Curle 12. Which school of thought argues that conflict is inevitable due to the anarchic nature of the international system?A) Liberal SchoolB) Critical SchoolC) Constructivist SchoolD) Realist SchoolAnswer: D) Realist School 13. The Liberal School of thought in peace and conflict studies is associated with ___A) Morgenthau (1948)B) Doyle (1986)C) Galtung (1969)D) Wendt (1992)Answer: B) Doyle (1986) 14. The Constructivist School emphasizes the role of ___ in shaping conflictsA) Power and military forceB) Economic inequalityC) Ideas, identities, and discoursesD) State sovereigntyAnswer: C) Ideas, identities, and discourses 15. Which of the following correctly represents the evolutionary stages of Peace and Conflict Studies in order?A) Realpolitik, Traditional, Early Modern, Late ModernB) Traditional, Realpolitik, Early Modern, Late ModernC) Early Modern, Traditional, Realpolitik, Late ModernD) Late Modern, Early Modern, Traditional, RealpolitikAnswer: B) Traditional, Realpolitik, Early Modern, Late Modern 16. The first chair in International Relations was founded at ___ in 1919A) Harvard UniversityB) Oxford UniversityC) Aberystwyth University WalesD) Cambridge UniversityAnswer: C) Aberystwyth University Wales 17. John Burton is celebrated for developing ___A) Stable peace…
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Management exam Theory questions and their answers
Question 1: Management is often described as both a science and an art. Critically examine this statement. In your answer, explain why a manager who relies exclusively on scientific principles (e.g., Taylor’s time-and-motion studies) might fail in a modern, knowledge-based organisation, and why pure intuition without systematic knowledge is equally dangerous. Management is both a science and an art because it uses systematic principles but also requires creative application. As a science, it has established theories like Taylor’s scientific management and Fayol’s principles. As an art, it depends on a manager’s personal skill and intuition. A manager who relies only on scientific principles treats workers like machines, ignoring their emotional and social needs, which kills creativity in a knowledge-based organisation. On the other hand, pure intuition without systematic knowledge leads to guesswork and inconsistency. The best manager combines scientific knowledge with practical wisdom and flexibility. Question 2: “Management is a universal activity, yet its practice varies significantly across cultures and organisation types.” Discuss this statement by comparing the characteristics of management in a large public sector bureaucracy versus a small entrepreneurial start-up. Management functions like planning and organising are universal, but their practice changes with context. In a large public sector bureaucracy, management is formal, rule-bound, and hierarchical, based on Weber’s model of rational-legal authority. Decisions are slow, and initiative is limited. In contrast, a small entrepreneurial start-up is informal, flexible, and fast-moving. The manager uses direct communication and wears many hats. Culture also matters, as some societies prefer collective decision-making while others value individual authority. So while every organisation manages, the style depends on size, culture, and purpose. Question 3: Critically evaluate the evolution of management thought and its relevance to contemporary organizations. Management thought evolved from early contributors like ancient empires and the Bible, through the Classical School including Taylor, Fayol, and Weber. Taylor focused on efficiency, Fayol on general principles, and Weber on bureaucracy. These ideas gave us standardisation, hierarchy, and division of labour, which are still useful today. However, classical thought treated workers as economic beings and ignored psychology and environment. Today, we know that motivation, culture, and change matter more. So while classical ideas form the foundation, modern management must add human relations, flexibility, and contingency thinking to stay relevant. Question 4: Planning is often said to be the most important management function because it precedes all others. However, some critics argue that over-planning can be as harmful as no planning. Evaluate this claim, explaining the concept of “paralysis by analysis” and how a manager can avoid it. Planning is the first function of management because every other function depends on it. However, over-planning leads to “paralysis by analysis,” where a manager keeps studying options but never decides. This happens when someone demands perfect information and complete certainty. The result is missed opportunities and wasted time. A manager can avoid this by using pragmatic thinking, accepting that some uncertainty is normal, making timely decisions, and then adjusting along the way. Planning should guide action, not…
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- April 30, 2026
GSP social science objective questions for Peace and Conflict
1. GSP 201 and GSP 202 are core courses for which students?A. Only Direct-Entry first-year studentsB. Only UME second-year studentsC. All undergraduates in every departmentD. Postgraduate students onlyAnswer: C 2. What is the course code for “Basic Concepts and Theories of Peace & Conflict”?A. GSP 101B. GSP 201C. GSP 202D. GSP 301Answer: B 3. How many units is GSP 201?A. 1 unitB. 2 unitsC. 3 unitsD. 4 unitsAnswer: B 4. What type of examination has the Social Sciences Unit conducted since the 2016/2017 academic session?A. Oral examinationsB. Take-home examinationsC. Computer-based examinations (CBE)D. Open-book examinationsAnswer: C 5. According to the file, how many weeks of intensive lectures are held before examinations?A. 10 to 11 weeksB. 12 to 13 weeksC. 14 to 15 weeksD. 8 to 9 weeksAnswer: B 6. The first step in the Unit’s course registration process is:A. Report to the School of General StudiesB. Report to the Social Sciences UnitC. Pay relevant University fees and collect receipt(s)D. Begin to attend lecturesAnswer: C 7. Who should students consult if any registration process seems hazy?A. The Dean onlyB. A lecturer or appropriate member of staff of the UnitC. The Vice-ChancellorD. Their departmental presidentAnswer: B 8. Which of the following is NOT listed as the Unit’s expectation from registered students?A. Attend lectures regularlyB. Submit assignments punctuallyC. Pay extra tuition feesD. Observe the University dress codeAnswer: C 9. The course GSP 201 is offered in which semester?A. First semesterB. Second semesterC. Both semestersD. Summer semesterAnswer: A 10. One objective of GSP 201 is to equip students to analyze:A. Only economic structuresB. Only political systemsC. Social structures, relationships, and social processesD. Religious doctrinesAnswer: C 11. GSP 202 course title is:A. Basic Concepts and Theories of Peace and ConflictB. Issues in Peace and Conflict StudiesC. Advanced Peace and Conflict TheoriesD. Introduction to Social SciencesAnswer: B 12. GSP 202 is designed to help reduce:A. Examination malpracticesB. Intra- and inter-group strifeC. University feesD. Number of courses per semesterAnswer: B 13. Which of the following is a topic in GSP 201 outline?A. Gang Violence and TerrorismB. Peace PsychologyC. History of Peace and Conflict StudiesD. Human TraffickingAnswer: C 14. “Theories of Social Conflict” appears under which course?A. GSP 101B. GSP 201C. GSP 202D. GSP 301Answer: B 15. “Gender-based Conflict and Empowerment” is a topic in:A. GSP 201B. GSP 202C. Both GSP 201 and GSP 202D. Neither courseAnswer: B 16. Substance Abuse and Trafficking is discussed in which semester course?A. First semesterB. Second semesterC. Both semestersD. Elective courseAnswer: B 17. According to the file, one aim of Peace Psychology is:A. Promote war strategiesB. Negative and positive peaceC. Teach criminal justiceD. Study political campaignsAnswer: B 18. Which of the following is listed under GSP 202?A. Organizational ConflictB. ICT, Governance and Civil InterestC. Conflict Resolution in Traditional African SocietiesD. Basic Principles of Social ResearchAnswer: C 19. What is a component of Conflict Analysis?A. Types of conflict analysisB. Theories of organizational conflictC. Peace education challengesD. Cybercrime managementAnswer: A 20. The minimum lecture attendance required to qualify for examination is:A. 50%B. 60%C. 75%D. 100%Answer: C 21. Who are mentioned as founding fathers in Peace and Conflict Studies?A. Marx and EngelsB. Major Founding Fathers and their…
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- April 29, 2026
CHAPTER 1: History, Nature & Evolution of Peace and Conflict Studies
CHAPTER 1: History, Nature & Evolution of Peace and Conflict Studies Peace and Conflict Studies emerged as a multidisciplinary field in the early ___A) 1920s–1930sB) 1940s–1960sC) 1960s–1970sD) 1980s–1990s The first formal peace studies course in higher education was offered at ___A) Harvard UniversityB) Indiana UniversityC) Swarthmore CollegeD) Aberystwyth University Who offered the first formal peace studies course?A) Johan GaltungB) William Penn HolcombC) Gladdys MuirD) Quincy Wright The first undergraduate academic program in peace studies was developed by ___A) Johan GaltungB) John BurtonC) Gladdys MuirD) Adam Curle The Peace of Westphalia was signed in ___A) 1619B) 1638C) 1648D) 1658 Which of the following was NOT one of the treaties signed at the Peace of Westphalia?A) Treaty of MünsterB) Treaty of OsnabrückC) Treaty of VersaillesD) Both A and B were signed Johan Galtung founded which peace research institution?A) UN Peace InstituteB) Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)C) Stockholm Peace InstituteD) Geneva Peace Foundation Which scholar introduced the concept of “structural violence”?A) John BurtonB) Kenneth BouldingC) Johan GaltungD) Adam Curle Lewis Fry Richardson is known for his ___A) Human Needs TheoryB) Mathematical and statistical study of warC) Track Two DiplomacyD) Feminist peace research Quincy Wright’s seminal work A Study of War was published in ___A) 1939B) 1940C) 1942D) 1945 The concept of the “third side” in conflict resolution was introduced by ___A) Kenneth BouldingB) Adam CurleC) John BurtonD) Lewis Fry Richardson Which school of thought argues that conflict is inevitable due to the anarchic nature of the international system?A) Liberal SchoolB) Critical SchoolC) Constructivist SchoolD) Realist School The Liberal School of thought in peace and conflict studies is associated with ___A) Morgenthau (1948)B) Doyle (1986)C) Galtung (1969)D) Wendt (1992) The Constructivist School emphasizes the role of ___ in shaping conflictsA) Power and military forceB) Economic inequalityC) Ideas, identities, and discoursesD) State sovereignty Which of the following correctly represents the evolutionary stages of Peace and Conflict Studies in order?A) Realpolitik, Traditional, Early Modern, Late ModernB) Traditional, Realpolitik, Early Modern, Late ModernC) Early Modern, Traditional, Realpolitik, Late ModernD) Late Modern, Early Modern, Traditional, Realpolitik The first chair in International Relations was founded at ___ in 1919A) Harvard UniversityB) Oxford UniversityC) Aberystwyth University WalesD) Cambridge University John Burton is celebrated for developing ___A) Stable peace conceptB) Human Needs TheoryC) Structural violenceD) Peace economics Which founding father of PCS is known for pioneering feminist peace research?A) Adam CurleB) Elise BouldingC) Kenneth BouldingD) Lewis Fry Richardson The Nigerian Civil War took place between ___A) 1965–1968B) 1966–1969C) 1967–1970D) 1968–1971 Which of the following factors facilitated the emergence of Peace and Conflict Studies as a discipline?A) Historical context of World WarsB) Humanitarian concerns and human rights movementsC) Academic and intellectual developmentsD) All of the above CHAPTER 2: Basic Concepts in Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution The English word “peace” etymologically derives from the Latin word ___A) ConflictusB) PaxC) ArbitrumD) Concordia The concept of Negative and Positive Peace was introduced by ___A) John BurtonB) Adam CurleC) Johan GaltungD) Kenneth Boulding Negative peace in its simplest form refers to ___A) Presence of social justice…
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- April 29, 2026
CHAPTER 1: History, Nature & Evolution of Peace and Conflict Studies
Peace and Conflict Studies emerged as a multidisciplinary field in the early ___A) 1920s–1930sB) 1940s–1960sC) 1960s–1970sD) 1980s–1990s The first formal peace studies course in higher education was offered at ___A) Harvard UniversityB) Indiana UniversityC) Swarthmore CollegeD) Aberystwyth University Who offered the first formal peace studies course?A) Johan GaltungB) William Penn HolcombC) Gladdys MuirD) Quincy Wright The first undergraduate academic program in peace studies was developed by ___A) Johan GaltungB) John BurtonC) Gladdys MuirD) Adam Curle The Peace of Westphalia was signed in ___A) 1619B) 1638C) 1648D) 1658 Which of the following was NOT one of the treaties signed at the Peace of Westphalia?A) Treaty of MünsterB) Treaty of OsnabrückC) Treaty of VersaillesD) Both A and B were signed Johan Galtung founded which peace research institution?A) UN Peace InstituteB) Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)C) Stockholm Peace InstituteD) Geneva Peace Foundation Which scholar introduced the concept of “structural violence”?A) John BurtonB) Kenneth BouldingC) Johan GaltungD) Adam Curle Lewis Fry Richardson is known for his ___A) Human Needs TheoryB) Mathematical and statistical study of warC) Track Two DiplomacyD) Feminist peace research Quincy Wright’s seminal work A Study of War was published in ___A) 1939B) 1940C) 1942D) 1945 The concept of the “third side” in conflict resolution was introduced by ___A) Kenneth BouldingB) Adam CurleC) John BurtonD) Lewis Fry Richardson Which school of thought argues that conflict is inevitable due to the anarchic nature of the international system?A) Liberal SchoolB) Critical SchoolC) Constructivist SchoolD) Realist School The Liberal School of thought in peace and conflict studies is associated with ___A) Morgenthau (1948)B) Doyle (1986)C) Galtung (1969)D) Wendt (1992) The Constructivist School emphasizes the role of ___ in shaping conflictsA) Power and military forceB) Economic inequalityC) Ideas, identities, and discoursesD) State sovereignty Which of the following correctly represents the evolutionary stages of Peace and Conflict Studies in order?A) Realpolitik, Traditional, Early Modern, Late ModernB) Traditional, Realpolitik, Early Modern, Late ModernC) Early Modern, Traditional, Realpolitik, Late ModernD) Late Modern, Early Modern, Traditional, Realpolitik The first chair in International Relations was founded at ___ in 1919A) Harvard UniversityB) Oxford UniversityC) Aberystwyth University WalesD) Cambridge University John Burton is celebrated for developing ___A) Stable peace conceptB) Human Needs TheoryC) Structural violenceD) Peace economics Which founding father of PCS is known for pioneering feminist peace research?A) Adam CurleB) Elise BouldingC) Kenneth BouldingD) Lewis Fry Richardson The Nigerian Civil War took place between ___A) 1965–1968B) 1966–1969C) 1967–1970D) 1968–1971 Which of the following factors facilitated the emergence of Peace and Conflict Studies as a discipline?A) Historical context of World WarsB) Humanitarian concerns and human rights movementsC) Academic and intellectual developmentsD) All of the above